Cross sectional studies university of south florida. Comparative crosssectional studies determine two proportionsmeans in two populations at a single point in time4. Simply put, it is a study that aims to describe the relationship between diseases or other healthrelated states and other factors of interest as they exist in a specified population at. Epidemiology key terms and core concepts epidemiology. Start studying epidemiology test 2 crosssectional studies. Epidemiology is a scientific discipline with sound methods of scientific inquiry at its foundation. Crosssectional study also called a prevalence study assess outcome and exposure at the same time for study population however. Epidemiology test 2 crosssectional studies flashcards.
Epidemiologic study designs epidemiology learning materials. One of the most common and wellknown study designs is the crosssectional study design. Crosssectional designs are used for populationbased surveys and to assess the prevalence of diseases in clinicbased samples. Epidemiologic study designs johns hopkins hospital. Ppt introduction to epidemiology basic principles 1. The term epidemiology can be best understood by examining the key words within its definition. Crosssectional studies are mostly carried out for public health planning. To describe burden of disease or prevalence of risk factors.
The study of the distribution and determinants of healthrelated states in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems. Familiarity with major issues associated with each approach. Measurement of exposure and disease are covered in chapter 2 and a summary of the different types of study designs and their strengths and limitations is provided in chapter 3. The research question and hypotheses measures and data quality time study population inclusionexclusion criteria internalexternal validity. But unlike cohort studies, in crosssectional studies we do not follow individuals over time. Misconceptions about ebm 1 ignores clinical experience 2 ignores patient values 3 cost cutting tool 4 dont suit everyday practice 5 not. Epidemiological study designs by ahmed negida on prezi. The prevalence of mental health issues in this study was slightly lower than those reported in a crosssectional study on mental health among the general population in. The four most common types of epidemiological studies. To estimate the magnitude and patterns of violence. Descriptive epidemiology an overview sciencedirect topics. Crosssectional studies are used routinely to document the prevalence in a community of health behaviors prevalence of smoking, health states prevalence of vaccination against measles, and health outcomes, particularly chronic conditions hypertension, diabetes.
Note that, for a prospective study, disease should not have already occurred. Unlike cohort studies, crosssectional studies do not have a followup period and therefore are relatively simple to conduct. Descriptive epidemiology is defined as epidemiological studies and activities with descriptive components that are much stronger than their analytic components or that fall within the descriptive area of the descriptiveanalytic spectrum. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Crosssectional studies are useful in planning public health interventions. Often early study design in a line of investigation good for hypothesis generation relatively easy, quick and inexpensivedepends on question examine multiple exposures or outcomes estimate prevalence of disease and exposures. A crosssectional study is an observational study in which.
The crosssectional study design was used to investigate possible risks of cardiovascular disease and reproductive and developmental risks. For example, the national health and nutrition examination survey is a crosssectional study. Analytical studies are either longitudinal or crosssectional. Cross sectional studies are some of the first studies completed becauseof easeand low cost. In a cohort study individuals are selected to be part of the group based on their exposure to a particular substance. The concepts are dominant whereas in other books the methods dominate. Ppt descriptive epidemiology powerpoint presentation. It is known that crosssectional studies can be used to establish a nondirectional association. In crosssectional studies, people are selected for the study.
Introduction to epidemiology outline uses of epidemiology i to study the cause or etiology of diseases, or conditions, disorders, disabilities, etc. In a study to assess the prevalence of hypertension among adult male population. Single crosssectional studies determine single proportionmean in a single population at a single point in time2. Epidemiologic study designs johns hopkins medicine. In a longitudinal study, the time sequence can be inferred between exposure and disease. Often early study design in a line of investigation. On the other hand, a crosssectional study is a perfectly fine tool for descriptive epidemiology purposes. Cross sectional surveys a third type of study is the crosssectional or prevalence survey, in which exposure and disease status are assessed simultaneously among individuals in a we lldefined population. Thus, this study aims to establish a correlation among sanitation, open defecation, and diarrhea to elucidate the impact of the stbm program in indonesia, particularly tangerang materials and methods data collection this crosssectional epidemiological study obtained data from 104 kelurahan. A population or group can be studied in a variety of ways. Utilization and application of public health data in.
Observational study crosssectionaldata represent a point in time cohortsubjects selected according to exposure casecontrolsubjects selected according to outcome. Epidemiologic study designs descriptive studies seeks to measure the frequency of disease andor. In this videos we will talk about descriptive and analytical study designs used in epidemiology, as well as discuss how to sample a population correctly. For personal accounts or managers of institutional accounts. Crosssectional studies crosssectional studies are observational in nature and give a snapshot of the characteristics of study subjects in a single point of time. To appreciate use of epidemiologic study designs for a variety of applications of potential practical importance z. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Key terms in this definition reflect some of the important principles of epidemiology. Epidemiology is datadriven and relies on a systematic and unbiased approach to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. Familiarity with major study designs used in genetic epidemiology.
Discuss the biases that may affect a casecontrol study. The study of hepatitis a traced to green onions, described above, is an example of a casecontrol study. A crosssectional study of antenatal depressive symptoms. The concepts of epidemiology are discussed in detail, and in an integrated way. We might inquire about recent health problems including breast cancer diagnosed in the past year and assess the current electric and magnetic fields exposures in peoples homes as part of the same survey. Weismiller, md, scm, faafp professor department of family medicine the brody school of medicine at east carolina university. Epidemiology definition, functions, and characteristics 1 preface introductory epidemiology courses are often referred to as methods courses, and many students come to them hoping to learn the methods that. Epi case study 1 incidence, prevalence, and disease. Differentiate between a nested casecontrol study and other casecontrol studies lecture 15.
Cross sectional studies a crosssectional study is a study of a population at a single point in time useful for determining the prevalence of risk factors and the frequency of prevalent cases of a disease for a defined population they are also useful for measuring current health status and planning for selected health services. View and download powerpoint presentations on epidemiology methods ppt. A community based crosssectional study was conducted from april 23 to may 22, 2012. In medical research, social science and biology, a crosssectional study is a type of. Therefore, in field epidemiology, a prospective study is only likely to be conducted after a known exposure and a long incubation or latency period before illness. The type of epidemiology study in which individuals are identified according to exposure and followed to determine subsequent disease risk is known as a cohort study.
Descriptive epidemiology can thus generate hypotheses of etiologic research. Health behaviors diseases risk factors information is gathered at only one point in time analogy of cross sectional cutting through population at one point in time e. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of healthrelated states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. A cross sectional study is an observational study in which. For example knowledge, attitude and practice kap of family planning methods.
May also be analytic and test a hypothesis types of descriptive studies. Ecologic study and crosssectional study see chapter 4 are the most commonly applied in descriptive epidemiologic studies. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. One example is the followup study of persons exposed to nuclear tests in utah. Descriptive and analytical studies cpp ncd epidemiology. Instead, we only look at the prevalence of disease andor exposure at. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. Explain the concepts of matching and its limitations.
Crosssectional crosssectionaltypes of crosssectional studies1. Judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about care of individual patients and improving health of the population. Ppt cross sectional study powerpoint presentation free. Descriptive and analytic studies learning objectives identify the following for an ncd problem. In this type of research study, either the entire population or a subset thereof is selected. Epidemiologic study types have their roots in the concepts of scientific experimenta tion. However, in modern epidemiology it may be impossible to survey the entire population of interest. Unlike traditional casecontrol study where 1 disease is used as the outcome and 1 behavior or habit as the exposure. Study types 8 12 northwest center for public health practice. This book differs in many ways from alternatives, for example. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about epidemiology methods ppt.
The key in a casecontrol study is to identify an appropriate control group, comparable to the case group in most respects, in order to provide a reasonable estimate of the baseline or expected exposure. I to determine the primary agent responsible or ascertain causative factors i to determine the characteristics of the agent or causative factors i to determine the mode of transmission. Type of study to conduct sampling methods to use measure of association to calculate for a particular study interpret the results of descriptive and analytic studies. General cross sectional design information is gathered from a sample of the population about present status of. Traditional classification of epidemiologic study designs a logical sequence of study designs encountered in epidemiology is. Definition an analytic investigation in which subjects are sampled at a fixed point or period of time, and then the association between the concurrent presence or absence of risk factors and diseases are investigated. Sungamontalbo, rnd definition cross sectional study an observational study using basic senses to gather data examines a. Basic epidemiology starts with a definition of epidemiology, introduces the history of modern epidemiology, and provides examples of the uses and applications of epidemiology. A crosssectional study is the simplest variety of descriptive or observational epidemiology that can be conducted on representative samples of a population. Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution who, when, and where, patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations it is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidencebased practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Descriptive epidemiology university of south florida. An observational design that surveys exposures and disease status at a single point in time a crosssection of the population time.
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